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Study Guides > College Algebra CoRequisite Course

Operations on Fractions

Learning Outcomes

  • Add or Subtract fractions.
  • Simplify fractions.
  • Multiply fractions.
  • Divide fractions.

Math students and working adults often find their knowledge of how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions has grown rusty with disuse.  We tend to rely on calculators to do a lot of the work of fractions for us. College Algebra, though, builds up some important techniques for handling expressions and equations that are based on operations on fractions. So it is important to refamiliarize yourself with these skills. This section will remind you how to do operations on fractions. As you work through the rest of the course, you can return this section as needed for a quick reminder of operations on fractions. Before we get started, let's define some terminology.
  • product: the result of  multiplication
  • factor: something being multiplied - for  32=63 \cdot 2 = 6 , both 33 and 22 are factors of 66
  • numerator: the top part of a fraction - the numerator in the fraction 23\Large\frac{2}{3} is 22
  • denominator: the bottom part of a fraction - the denominator in the fraction 23\Large\frac{2}{3} is 33

A Note About Instructions

Certain words are used in math textbooks and by teachers to provide students with instructions on what to do with a given problem. For example, you may see instructions such as find or simplify. It is important to understand what these words mean so you can successfully work through the problems in this course. Here is a short list of some problem instructions along with their descriptions as they will be used in this module.
Instruction Interpretation
Find Perform the indicated mathematical operations which may include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division (later, use of the word find will be expanded to solving equations, as in find the value of variable).
 Simplify 1) Perform the indicated mathematical operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division 2) Write a mathematical statement in smallest terms so there are no other mathematical operations that can be performed—often found in problems related to fractions and the order of operations
Evaluate 1) Perform the indicated mathematical operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division 2) Substitute a given value for a variable in an expression and then perform the indicated mathematical operations
Reduce Write a mathematical statement in smallest or lowest terms so there are no other mathematical operations that can be performed—often found in problems related to fractions or division

Add Fractions

When you need to add or subtract fractions, you will need to first make sure that the fractions have the same denominator. The denominator tells you how many pieces the whole has been broken into, and the numerator tells you how many of those pieces you are using. The “parts of a whole” concept can be modeled with pizzas and pizza slices. For example, imagine a pizza is cut into 44 pieces, and someone takes 11 piece. Now, 14\Large\frac{1}{4} of the pizza is gone and 34\Large\frac{3}{4} remains. Note that both of these fractions have a denominator of 44, which refers to the number of slices the whole pizza has been cut into. What if you have another pizza that had been cut into 88 equal parts and 33 of those parts were gone, leaving 58\Large\frac{5}{8}? A pizza divided into four slices, with one slice missing. How can you describe the total amount of pizza that is left with one number rather than two different fractions? You need a common denominator, technically called the least common multiple. Remember that if a number is a multiple of another, you can divide them and have no remainder. One way to find the least common multiple of two or more numbers is to first multiply each by 1,2,3,41, 2, 3, 4, etc.  For example, find the least common multiple of 22 and 55.
First, list all the multiples of 22: Then list all the multiples of 5:
21=22\cdot 1 = 2 51=55\cdot 1 = 5
22=42\cdot 2 = 4 52=105\cdot 2 = 10
23=62\cdot 3 = 6 53=155\cdot 3 = 15
24=82\cdot 4 = 8 54=205\cdot 4 = 20
25=102\cdot 5 = 10 55=255\cdot 5 = 25
The smallest multiple they have in common will be the common denominator to use to rewrite each fraction into equivalent fractions. See the example below for a demonstration of our pizza problem.

Example

One pizza, cut into four slices, has one missing. Another pizza of the same size has been cut into eight pieces, of which three have been removed. Describe the total amount of pizza left in the two pizzas using common terms.

Answer: Rewrite the fractions 34\dfrac{3}{4} and 58\dfrac{5}{8} as fractions with a least common denominator. Find the least common multiple of the denominators. This is the least common denominator. Multiples of 4:4,8,12,16,244: 4, \textbf{8},12,16, \textbf{24} Multiples of 8:8,16,248: \textbf{8},16, \textbf{24} The least common denominator is 88—the smallest multiple they have in common. Rewrite 34\dfrac{3}{4} with a denominator of 88. You have to multiply both the top and bottom by 22 so you don't change the relationship between them.

3422=68\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{2}{2}=\dfrac{6}{8}

We don't need to rewrite 58\dfrac{5}{8} since it already has the common denominator.

Answer

Both 68\dfrac{6}{8} and 58\dfrac{5}{8} have the same denominator, and you can describe how much pizza is left with common terms. Add the numerators and put them over the common denominator. We have 68\dfrac{6}{8} of the first pizza and 58\dfrac{5}{8} of the second pizza left. That's 118\dfrac{11}{8} of an identically sized pizza, or 11 and 38\dfrac{3}{8}, pizza still on the table.

To add fractions with unlike denominators, first rewrite them with like denominators. Then add or subtract the numerators over the common denominator.

Adding Fractions with Unlike Denominators

  1. Find a common denominator.
  2. Rewrite each fraction as an equivalent fraction using the common denominator.
  3. Now that the fractions have a common denominator, you can add the numerators.
  4. Simplify by canceling out all common factors in the numerator and denominator.

Simplify a Fraction

It is a common convention in mathematics to present fractions in lowest terms. We call this practice simplifying or reducing the fraction, and it can be accomplished by canceling (dividing) the common factors in a fraction's numerator and denominator.  We can do this because a fraction represents division, and for any number aa, aa=1\dfrac{a}{a}=1. For example, to simplify 69\dfrac{6}{9} you can rewrite 66and 99 using the smallest factors possible as follows:

69=2333\dfrac{6}{9}=\dfrac{2\cdot3}{3\cdot3}

Since there is a 33 in both the numerator and denominator, and fractions can be considered division, we can divide the 33 in the top by the 33 in the bottom to reduce to 11.

69=2333=213=23\dfrac{6}{9}=\dfrac{2\cdot\cancel{3}}{3\cdot\cancel{3}}=\dfrac{2\cdot1}{3}=\dfrac{2}{3}

In the next example you are shown how to add two fractions with different denominators, then simplify the answer.

Example

Add 23+15\Large\frac{2}{3}+\Large\frac{1}{5}. Simplify the answer.

Answer: Since the denominators are not alike, find a common denominator by multiplying the denominators.

35=153\cdot5=15

Rewrite each fraction with a denominator of 1515.

2355=10151533=315\begin{array}{c}\Large\frac{2}{3}\cdot\Large\frac{5}{5}=\Large\frac{10}{15}\\\\\Large\frac{1}{5}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{3}=\Large\frac{3}{15}\end{array}

Add the fractions by adding the numerators and keeping the denominator the same. Make sure the fraction cannot be simplified.

1015+315=1315\Large\frac{10}{15}+\Large\frac{3}{15}=\Large\frac{13}{15}

Answer

23+15=1315\Large\frac{2}{3}+\Large\frac{1}{5}=\Large\frac{13}{15}

You can find a common denominator by finding the common multiples of the denominators. The least common multiple is the easiest to use.

Example

Add 37+221\Large\frac{3}{7}+\Large\frac{2}{21}. Simplify the answer.

Answer: Since the denominators are not alike, find the least common denominator by finding the least common multiple (LCM) of 7 and 21. Multiples of 7:7,14,217: 7, 14, \textbf{21} Multiples of 21:2121:\textbf{21} Rewrite each fraction with a denominator of 2121.

3733=921221\begin{array}{c}\Large\frac{3}{7}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{3}=\Large\frac{9}{21}\\\\\Large\frac{2}{21}\end{array}

Add the fractions by adding the numerators and keeping the denominator the same. Make sure the fraction cannot be simplified.

921+221=1121\Large\frac{9}{21}+\Large\frac{2}{21}=\Large\frac{11}{21}

Answer

37+221=1121\Large\frac{3}{7}+\Large\frac{2}{21}=\Large\frac{11}{21}

In the following video you will see an example of how to add two fractions with different denominators. https://youtu.be/zV4q7j1-89I You can also add more than two fractions as long as you first find a common denominator for all of them. An example of a sum of three fractions is shown below. In this example, you will use the prime factorization method to find the LCM.

Think About It

Add 34+16+58\Large\frac{3}{4}+\Large\frac{1}{6}+\Large\frac{5}{8}.  Simplify the answer and write as a mixed number. What makes this example different than the previous ones? Use the box below to write down a few thoughts about how you would add three fractions with different denominators together. [practice-area rows="2"][/practice-area]

Answer: Since the denominators are not alike, find the least common denominator by finding the least common multiple (LCM) of 4,64, 6, and 88.

4=226=328=222LCM:  2223=244=2\cdot2\\6=3\cdot2\\8=2\cdot2\cdot2\\\text{LCM}:\,\,2\cdot2\cdot2\cdot3=24

Rewrite each fraction with a denominator of 2424.

3466=18241644=4245833=1524\begin{array}{c}\Large\frac{3}{4}\cdot\Large\frac{6}{6}=\Large\frac{18}{24}\\\\\Large\frac{1}{6}\cdot\Large\frac{4}{4}=\Large\frac{4}{24}\\\\\Large\frac{5}{8}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{3}=\Large\frac{15}{24}\end{array}

Add the fractions by adding the numerators and keeping the denominator the same.

1824+424+1524=3724\Large\frac{18}{24}+\Large\frac{4}{24}+\Large\frac{15}{24}=\Large\frac{37}{24}

Write the improper fraction as a mixed number and simplify the fraction.

3724=1  1324\Large\frac{37}{24}=\normalsize 1\,\,\Large\frac{13}{24}

Answer

34+16+58=11324\Large\frac{3}{4}+\Large\frac{1}{6}+\Large\frac{5}{8}=\normalsize 1\Large\frac{13}{24}

Subtract Fractions

Subtracting fractions follows the same technique as adding them. First, determine whether or not the denominators are alike. If not, rewrite each fraction as an equivalent fraction, all having the same denominator.  Below are some examples of subtracting fractions whose denominators are not alike.

Example

Subtract 1516\Large\frac{1}{5}-\Large\frac{1}{6}. Simplify the answer.

Answer: The fractions have unlike denominators, so you need to find a common denominator. Recall that a common denominator can be found by multiplying the two denominators together.

56=305\cdot6=30

Rewrite each fraction as an equivalent fraction with a denominator of 3030.

1566=6301655=530\begin{array}{c}\Large\frac{1}{5}\cdot\Large\frac{6}{6}=\Large\frac{6}{30}\\\\\Large\frac{1}{6}\cdot\Large\frac{5}{5}=\Large\frac{5}{30}\end{array}

Subtract the numerators. Simplify the answer if needed.

630530=130\Large\frac{6}{30}-\Large\frac{5}{30}=\Large\frac{1}{30}

Answer

1516=130\Large\frac{1}{5}-\Large\frac{1}{6}=\Large\frac{1}{30}

The example below shows how to use multiples to find the least common multiple, which will be the least common denominator.

Example

Subtract 5614\Large\frac{5}{6}-\Large\frac{1}{4}. Simplify the answer.

Answer: Find the least common multiple of the denominators—this is the least common denominator. Multiples of  6:6,12,18,246: 6, \textbf{12}, 18, 24 Multiples of  4:4,8,12,16,204: 4, 8, \textbf{12},16, 20 1212 is the least common multiple of 66 and 44. Rewrite each fraction with a denominator of 1212.

5622=10121433=312\begin{array}{c}\Large\frac{5}{6}\cdot\Large\frac{2}{2}=\Large\frac{10}{12}\\\\\Large\frac{1}{4}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{3}=\Large\frac{3}{12}\end{array}

Subtract the fractions. Simplify the answer if needed.

1012312=712\Large\frac{10}{12}-\Large\frac{3}{12}=\Large\frac{7}{12}

Answer

5614=712\Large\frac{5}{6}-\Large\frac{1}{4}=\Large\frac{7}{12}

In the following video you will see an example of how to subtract fractions with unlike denominators. https://youtu.be/RpHtOMjeI7g

Multiply Fractions

Just as you add, subtract, multiply, and divide when working with whole numbers, you also use these operations when working with fractions.   There are many times when it is necessary to multiply fractions. A model may help you understand multiplication of fractions. When you multiply a fraction by a fraction, you are finding a “fraction of a fraction.” Suppose you have 34\Large\frac{3}{4} of a candy bar and you want to find 12\Large\frac{1}{2} of the 34\Large\frac{3}{4}: 3 out of four boxes are shaded. This is 3/4. By dividing each fourth in half, you can divide the candy bar into eighths. Six of 8 boxes are shaded. This is 6/8. Then, choose half of those to get 38\Large\frac{3}{8}. Six of 8 boxes are shaded, and of those six, three of them are shaded purple. The 3 purple boxes represent 3/8. In both of the above cases, to find the answer, you can multiply the numerators together and the denominators together.

Multiplying Two Fractions

abcd=acbd=product of the numeratorsproduct of the denominators\Large\frac{a}{b}\cdot\Large\frac{c}{d}=\Large\frac{a\cdot c}{b\cdot d}=\Large\frac{\text{product of the numerators}}{\text{product of the denominators}}

Multiplying More Than Two Fractions

abcdef=acebdf\Large\frac{a}{b}\cdot\Large\frac{c}{d}\cdot\Large\frac{e}{f}=\Large\frac{a\cdot c\cdot e}{b\cdot d\cdot f}

Example

Multiply 2345\Large\frac{2}{3}\cdot\Large\frac{4}{5}

Answer: Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.

2435\Large\frac{2\cdot 4}{3\cdot 5}

Simplify, if possible. This fraction is already in lowest terms.

815\Large\frac{8}{15}

Answer

815\Large\frac{8}{15}

To review: if a fraction has common factors in the numerator and denominator, we can reduce the fraction to its simplified form by removing the common factors. For example,
  • Given 815\Large\frac{8}{15}, the factors of 88 are: 1,2,4,81, 2, 4, 8 and the factors of 1515 are: 1,3,5,151, 3, 5, 15.  815\Large\frac{8}{15} is simplified because there are no common factors of 88 and 1515.
  • Given 1015\Large\frac{10}{15}, the factors of 1010 are: 1,2,5,101, 2, 5, 10 and the factors of 1515 are: 1,3,5,151, 3, 5, 15. 1015\Large\frac{10}{15} is not simplified because 55 is a common factor of 1010 and 1515.
You can simplify first, before you multiply two fractions, to make your work easier. This allows you to work with smaller numbers when you multiply. In the following video you will see an example of how to multiply two fractions, then simplify the answer. https://youtu.be/f_L-EFC8Z7c

Think About It

Multiply 231435\Large\frac{2}{3}\cdot\Large\frac{1}{4}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{5}. Simplify the answer. What makes this example different than the previous ones? Use the box below to write down a few thoughts about how you would multiply three fractions together. [practice-area rows="2"][/practice-area]

Answer: Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.

213345\Large\frac{2\cdot 1\cdot 3}{3\cdot 4\cdot 5}

Simplify first by canceling (dividing) the common factors of 33 and 22. 33 divided by 33 is 11, and 22 divided by  22 is 11.

2133(22)52133(22)5110\begin{array}{c}\Large\frac{2\cdot 1\cdot3}{3\cdot (2\cdot 2)\cdot 5}\\\Large\frac{\cancel{2}\cdot 1\cdot\cancel{3}}{\cancel{3}\cdot (\cancel{2}\cdot 2)\cdot 5}\\\Large\frac{1}{10}\end{array}

Answer

231435[/latex]=[latex]110\Large\frac{2}{3}\cdot\Large\frac{1}{4}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{5}[/latex] = [latex]\Large\frac{1}{10}

Divide Fractions

There are times when you need to use division to solve a problem. For example, if painting one coat of paint on the walls of a room requires 33 quarts of paint and you have a bucket that contains 66 quarts of paint, how many coats of paint can you paint on the walls? You divide 66 by 33 for an answer of 22 coats. There will also be times when you need to divide by a fraction. Suppose painting a closet with one coat only required 12\Large\frac{1}{2} quart of paint. How many coats could be painted with the 6 quarts of paint? To find the answer, you need to divide 22 by the fraction, 12\Large\frac{1}{2}. Before we begin dividing fractions, let's cover some important terminology.
  • reciprocal: two fractions are reciprocals if their product is 11 (Don't worry; we will show you examples of what this means.)
  • quotient: the result of division
Dividing fractions requires using the reciprocal of a number or fraction. If you multiply two numbers together and get 11 as a result, then the two numbers are reciprocals. Here are some examples of reciprocals:
Original number Reciprocal Product
34\Large\frac{3}{4} 43\Large\frac{4}{3} 3443=3443=1212=1\Large\frac{3}{4}\cdot\Large\frac{4}{3}=\Large\frac{3\cdot 4}{4\cdot 3}=\Large\frac{12}{12}=1
12\Large\frac{1}{2} 21\Large\frac{2}{1} 1221=1221=22=1\Large\frac{1}{2}\cdot\Large\frac{2}{1}=\Large\frac{1\cdot2}{2\cdot1}=\Large\frac{2}{2}=1
3=31 3=\Large\frac{3}{1} 13\Large\frac{1}{3} 3113=3113=33=1\Large\frac{3}{1}\cdot\Large\frac{1}{3}=\Large\frac{3\cdot 1}{1\cdot 3}=\Large\frac{3}{3}=1
213=732\Large\frac{1}{3}=\Large\frac{7}{3} 37\Large\frac{3}{7} 7337=7337=2121=1\Large\frac{7}{3}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{7}=\Large\frac{7\cdot3}{3\cdot7}=\Large\frac{21}{21}=\normalsize 1
Sometimes we call the reciprocal the “flip” of the other number: flip 25\Large\frac{2}{5} to get the reciprocal 52\Large\frac{5}{2}.

Division by Zero

You know what it means to divide by 22 or divide by 1010, but what does it mean to divide a quantity by 00? Is this even possible? Can you divide 00 by a number? Consider the fraction

08\Large\frac{0}{8}

We can read it as, “zero divided by eight.” Since multiplication is the inverse of division, we could rewrite this as a multiplication problem.

?8=0\text{?}\cdot{8}=0.

We can infer that the unknown must be 00 since that is the only number that will give a result of 00 when it is multiplied by 88.

Now let’s consider the reciprocal of 08\Large\frac{0}{8} which would be 80\Large\frac{8}{0}. If we rewrite this as a multiplication problem, we will have

?0=8\text{?}\cdot{0}=8.

This doesn't make any sense. There are no numbers that you can multiply by zero to get a result of 8. The reciprocal of 80\Large\frac{8}{0} is undefined, and in fact, all division by zero is undefined.
CautionCaution! Division by zero is undefined and so is the reciprocal of any fraction that has a zero in the numerator. For any real number a, a0\Large\frac{a}{0} is undefined. Additionally, the reciprocal of 0a\Large\frac{0}{a} will always be undefined.

Divide a Fraction by a Whole Number

When you divide by a whole number, you are multiplying by the reciprocal. In the painting example where you need 33 quarts of paint for a coat and have 66 quarts of paint, you can find the total number of coats that can be painted by dividing 66 by 33, 6÷3=26\div3=2. You can also multiply 66 by the reciprocal of 33, which is 13\Large\frac{1}{3}, so the multiplication problem becomes

6113=63=2\Large\frac{6}{1}\cdot\Large\frac{1}{3}=\Large\frac{6}{3}=\normalsize2

Dividing is Multiplying by the Reciprocal

For all division, you can turn the operation into multiplication by using the reciprocal. Dividing is the same as multiplying by the reciprocal.
The same idea will work when the divisor (the thing being divided) is a fraction. If you have 34\Large\frac{3}{4} of a candy bar and need to divide it among 55 people, each person gets 15\Large\frac{1}{5} of the available candy:

15 of 34=1534=320\Large\frac{1}{5}\normalsize\text{ of }\Large\frac{3}{4}=\Large\frac{1}{5}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{4}=\Large\frac{3}{20}

Each person gets 320\Large\frac{3}{20} of a whole candy bar.

If you have a recipe that needs to be divided in half, you can divide each ingredient by 22, or you can multiply each ingredient by 12\Large\frac{1}{2} to find the new amount. For example, dividing by 66 is the same as multiplying by the reciprocal of 66, which is 16\Large\frac{1}{6}. Look at the diagram of two pizzas below.  How can you divide what is left (the red shaded region) among 66 people fairly? Two pizzas divided into fourths. One pizza has all four pieces shaded, and the other pizza has two of the four slices shaded. 3/2 divided by 6 is equal to 3/2 times 1/6. This is 3/2 times 1/6 equals 1/4. Each person gets one piece, so each person gets 14\Large\frac{1}{4} of a pizza. Dividing a fraction by a whole number is the same as multiplying by the reciprocal, so you can always use multiplication of fractions to solve division problems.

Example

Find 23÷4\Large\frac{2}{3}\div \normalsize 4

Answer: Write your answer in lowest terms. Dividing by 44 or 41\Large\frac{4}{1} is the same as multiplying by the reciprocal of 44, which is 14\Large\frac{1}{4}.

23÷4=2314\Large\frac{2}{3}\normalsize\div 4=\Large\frac{2}{3}\cdot\Large\frac{1}{4}

Multiply numerators and multiply denominators.

2134=212\Large\frac{2\cdot 1}{3\cdot 4}=\Large\frac{2}{12}

Simplify to lowest terms by dividing numerator and denominator by the common factor 44.

16\Large\frac{1}{6}

Answer

23÷4=16\Large\frac{2}{3}\normalsize\div4=\Large\frac{1}{6}

Example

Divide. 9÷12 9\div\Large\frac{1}{2}

Answer: Write your answer in lowest terms. Dividing by 12\Large\frac{1}{2} is the same as multiplying by the reciprocal of 12\Large\frac{1}{2}, which is 21\Large\frac{2}{1}.

9÷12=91219\div\Large\frac{1}{2}=\Large\frac{9}{1}\cdot\Large\frac{2}{1}

Multiply numerators and multiply denominators.

9211=181=18\Large\frac{9\cdot 2}{1\cdot 1}=\Large\frac{18}{1}=\normalsize 18

This answer is already simplified to lowest terms.

Answer

9÷12=189\div\Large\frac{1}{2}=\normalsize 18

Divide a Fraction by a Fraction

Sometimes you need to solve a problem that requires dividing by a fraction. Suppose you have a pizza that is already cut into 44 slices. How many 12\Large\frac{1}{2} slices are there?
A pizza divided into four equal pieces. There are four slices. A pizza divided into four equal slices. Each slice is then divided in half. There are now 8 slices.
There are 88 slices. You can see that dividing 44 by 12\Large\frac{1}{2} gives the same result as multiplying 44 by 22. What would happen if you needed to divide each slice into thirds? A pizza divided into four equal slice. Each slice is divided into thirds. There are now 12 slices. You would have 1212 slices, which is the same as multiplying 44 by 33.

Dividing with Fractions

  1. Find the reciprocal of the number that follows the division symbol.
  2. Multiply the first number (the one before the division symbol) by the reciprocal of the second number (the one after the division symbol).
Any easy way to remember how to divide fractions is the phrase “keep, change, flip.” This means to KEEP the first number, CHANGE the division sign to multiplication, and then FLIP (use the reciprocal) of the second number.

Example

Divide 23÷16\Large\frac{2}{3}\div\Large\frac{1}{6}

Answer: Multiply by the reciprocal. KEEP 23\Large\frac{2}{3} CHANGE  ÷ \div to  \cdot FLIP  16\Large\frac{1}{6}

2361\Large\frac{2}{3}\cdot\Large\frac{6}{1}

Multiply numerators and multiply denominators.

2631=123\Large\frac{2\cdot6}{3\cdot1}=\Large\frac{12}{3}

Simplify.

123=4\Large\frac{12}{3}=\normalsize 4

Answer

23÷16=4\Large\frac{2}{3}\div\Large \frac{1}{6}=\normalsize 4

Example

Divide 35÷23\Large\frac{3}{5}\div\Large\frac{2}{3}

Answer: Multiply by the reciprocal. Keep 35\Large\frac{3}{5}, change ÷ \div to \cdot, and flip 23\Large\frac{2}{3}.

3532\Large\frac{3}{5}\cdot\Large\frac{3}{2}

Multiply numerators and multiply denominators.

3352=910\Large\frac{3\cdot 3}{5\cdot 2}=\Large\frac{9}{10}

Answer

35÷23=910\Large\frac{3}{5}\div\Large\frac{2}{3}=\Large\frac{9}{10}

When solving a division problem by multiplying by the reciprocal, remember to write all whole numbers and mixed numbers as improper fractions. The final answer should be simplified and written as a mixed number. In the following video you will see an example of how to divide an integer by a fraction, as well as an example of how to divide a fraction by another fraction. https://youtu.be/F5YSNLel3n8

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