What is the integral of 1/(sin^4(x)) ?

The integral of 1/(sin^4(x)) is -1/3 csc^3(x)cos(x)-2/3 cot(x)+C

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integral of 1/(sin^4(x))

\int \frac{1}{sin ^{4} ( x )} d x

- \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (x) cos (x) - \frac{2}{3} cot (x) + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{1}{sin ^{4} ( x )} d x

Rewrite using trig identities

= \int csc^{4} (x) d x

Apply Integral Reduction

= - \frac{cos ( x ) csc ^{3} ( x )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \int csc^{2} (x) d x

\int csc^{2} (x) d x = - cot (x)

= - \frac{cos ( x ) csc ^{3} ( x )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} (- cot (x))

Simplify

- \frac{cos ( x ) csc ^{3} ( x )}{3} + \frac{2}{3} (- cot (x)) : - \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (x) cos (x) - \frac{2}{3} cot (x)

= - \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (x) cos (x) - \frac{2}{3} cot (x)

Add a constant to the solution

= - \frac{1}{3} csc^{3} (x) cos (x) - \frac{2}{3} cot (x) + C

\frac{d}{d x} (z (x) + x^{2})

\int_{0}^{1} t 1 + t^{2} + t^{4} d t

x \to 3 - lim (sin (π x) + 1)

\int e^{2 x + e^{x}} d x

x \to 1 + lim (\frac{x + 10}{x + 2})

What is the integral of 1/(sin^4(x)) ?
The integral of 1/(sin^4(x)) is -1/3 csc^3(x)cos(x)-2/3 cot(x)+C