integral of (sqrt(1+x^2))/x

Lösung

\int \frac{1 + x ^{2}}{x} d x

- \frac{1}{2} ln 1 + x^{2} + 1 + \frac{1}{2} ln 1 + x^{2} - 1 + 1 + x^{2} + C

Schritte zur Lösung

\int \frac{1 + x ^{2}}{x} d x

Wende U-Substitution an

= \int \frac{u ^{2}}{u ^{2} - 1} d u

Faktorisiere

u^{2} - 1 : - (- u^{2} + 1)

= \int \frac{u ^{2}}{- ( - u ^{2} + 1 )} d u

Entferne die Konstante:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= - \int \frac{u ^{2}}{- u ^{2} + 1} d u

\frac{u ^{2}}{- u ^{2} + 1} = \frac{1}{- u ^{2} + 1} - 1

= - \int \frac{1}{- u ^{2} + 1} - 1 d u

Wende die Summenregel an:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= - (\int \frac{1}{- u ^{2} + 1} d u - \int 1 d u)

\int \frac{1}{- u ^{2} + 1} d u = \frac{ln ∣ u + 1 ∣}{2} - \frac{ln ∣ u - 1 ∣}{2}

\int 1 d u = u

= - (\frac{ln ∣ u + 1 ∣}{2} - \frac{ln ∣ u - 1 ∣}{2} - u)

Setze in

u = 1 + x^{2}

ein

= - (\frac{ln 1 + x ^{2} + 1}{2} - \frac{ln 1 + x ^{2} - 1}{2} - 1 + x^{2})

Vereinfache

- (\frac{ln 1 + x ^{2} + 1}{2} - \frac{ln 1 + x ^{2} - 1}{2} - 1 + x^{2}) : - \frac{1}{2} ln 1 + x^{2} + 1 + \frac{1}{2} ln 1 + x^{2} - 1 + 1 + x^{2}

= - \frac{1}{2} ln 1 + x^{2} + 1 + \frac{1}{2} ln 1 + x^{2} - 1 + 1 + x^{2}

Füge eine Konstante zur Lösung hinzu

= - \frac{1}{2} ln 1 + x^{2} + 1 + \frac{1}{2} ln 1 + x^{2} - 1 + 1 + x^{2} + C

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